Cut-and-Cover - Tunnels

A simple method of construction for shallow tunnels

Cut and cover is a widely used construction method for shallow tunnels, allowing structures to be built from the surface down. It offers flexibility in geometry, ease of access, and direct integration with other infrastructure. VSL applies cut and cover techniques in the construction of urban road tunnels, metro alignments, and underground utility corridors, offering full design-build capability, including excavation support, waterproofing, and structural concrete works.

Benefits and applications of the Cut and Cover method

The cut-and-cover method provides a practical, efficient solution for constructing shallow tunnels and subsurface structures where surface access is feasible.

Suitable where surface access is available and tunneling depths are limited.

Allows for phased execution and integration of MEP, ventilation, and rail or road interfaces.

Enables integration with diaphragm walls, utility diversions, and traffic deck installations.

Walls and slabs constructed directly with full quality assurance and inspection access.

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VSL’s Cut and Cover solutions

VSL delivers complete cut-and-cover solutions, integrating excavation support, structural construction, and interface management to ensure safe and efficient tunnel delivery.

Excavation and support systems

VSL designs and installs excavation support systems suited to urban or congested areas:
• Diaphragm walls, secant pile walls, or sheet piling
• Ground anchors and struts
• Jet grouting or soil mixing for groundwater and soil stabilization
These systems maintain ground stability during excavation and may serve as part of the permanent structure.

Waterproofing and structural concrete

After excavation, VSL executes all structural elements, including:
• Reinforced concrete base slabs, walls, and roof slabs
• Installation of waterproofing membranes and water-stop systems
• Integration of movement joints and embedded items for future fit-out
VSL’s experience in post-tensioned slabs and complex reinforcement detailing ensures robust long-term performance.

Integration with other tunnel methods

Cut and cover tunnels are often connected to bored or mined tunnels. VSL coordinates closely on transitions, applying:
• Soft-eye diaphragm wall panels for TBM entry
• Compensation grouting to manage settlements
• Preloading techniques to control differential movement

Why Choose VSL for Cut and Cover?

  • End-to-end delivery

    VSL provides excavation support, waterproofing, and permanent works within a single project team.

  • Expertise in complex environments

    Experience managing traffic decks, utilities, and third-party interfaces in constrained sites.

  • Advanced structural know-how

    In-house capability for reinforced and post-tensioned concrete structures.

  • Integrated with other VSL services

    Ground improvement, heavy lifting, and tunnel fit-out support available as needed.

FAQs about Cut and Cover

These are some of the most common questions we receive. Got another one? Reach out to us!

It is generally used for shallow tunnels where open excavation is feasible and more cost-effective than TBM or mining.

VSL designs temporary traffic decks and utility diversions to maintain uninterrupted service during excavation and slab installation.

Yes. VSL uses a combination of external membranes, internal water-stops, and detailed joint treatment to achieve durable watertightness.

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Planning a shallow tunnel, underpass, or metro extension?

Contact VSL to explore a tailored cut and cover solution backed by global expertise.